SOLUTIONS/INTELLIGENCE

< NATURE IS PART OF THE BUSINESS >

Nature underpins the systems that businesses depend on. Healthy ecosystems provide essential services such as water regulation, soil fertility, pollination, carbon storage and climate regulation. Yet these natural systems are under increasing pressure from land-use change, resource extraction, pollution and climate change.

For companies, nature-related exposure is increasingly becoming a business issue. Operations, assets and supply chains can depend directly or indirectly on healthy ecosystems, while their activities can also contribute to ecosystem degradation. Understanding where these dependencies and pressures occur is therefore an important first step in identifying potential environmental, operational and financial risks.

RADIOM assesses exposure to nature by connecting business assets and activities with spatial environmental intelligence. This allows companies to identify where operations are located in areas of high ecological importance, where ecosystems are degraded or under pressure, and where business activities may intersect with sensitive natural environments.

By turning complex environmental data into clear, location-specific intelligence, RADIOM helps companies understand their relationship with nature and identify where further assessment, risk management or action may be required.

INDICATORS, VARIABLES ON NATURE THEMES

24

12

3 01. ECOSYSTEM QUALITY

The condition, integrity, and ecological functionality of natural ecosystems at a specific location. It assesses whether an area retains healthy and functioning habitats or shows signs of degradation, fragmentation, or ecological pressure. By mapping ecosystem quality spatially, companies can identify assets and operations located in high-quality, sensitive, or degraded ecosystems, helping them understand nature-related dependencies, impacts, and potential risks.

02. BIODIVERSITY QUALITY

The diversity, abundance, and ecological significance of species within a given location. It helps identify areas that support high levels of species richness, threatened or rare species, and important concentrations of biodiversity.By mapping biodiversity quality spatially, companies can identify assets and operations located in biodiversity-rich or species-sensitive areas, providing insight into where business activities may have a greater potential impact on species and biodiversity.

03. SENSITIVE LOCATIONS

Areas where environmental, ecological, or conservation significance makes them particularly sensitive to human activities. These may include protected areas, critical habitats, conservation sites, wetlands, key biodiversity areas, and other locations subject to specific environmental importance or protection.

< WATER CAPTURED IN CONTEXT >

RADIOM uses high-resolution geospatial intelligence to assess the relationship between assets and the water systems surrounding them, from a macro-scale understanding of regional water stress to a micro-scale assessment of surface water conditions at the asset level. By combining hydrological models, satellite observations, climate datasets, and spatially resolved water indicators, RADIOM evaluates key factors such as water stress, surface water availability, and the balance between water inputs and outputs across different geographic scales. This multi-scale approach captures both the broader hydrological context in which an asset operates and the local characteristics that determine its immediate exposure to changing water conditions.

High-resolution spatial datasets allow surface water dynamics and water balance to be examined around individual locations, while larger-scale indicators provide context on the availability and pressure on water resources across surrounding catchments and regions. By linking these scales, RADIOM creates a consistent spatial representation of water conditions, moving from regional patterns of water stress down to the specific environmental context of each asset.

6 INDICATORS, VARIABLES ON WATER THEME

3

1 01. WATER STRESS

Water stress describes the pressure placed on available freshwater resources when water demand approaches or exceeds sustainable supply, reflecting the balance between water availability and consumption across a given geographic area and providing a spatial measure of how water resources are distributed and utilised from regional catchments down to individual asset locations.

Screenshot_28-8-2026_214753_i.guim_edite

< FROM GLOBAL CLIMATE TO LOCAL DETAIL >

RADIOM uses high-resolution geospatial intelligence to quantify how climate extremes vary across individual locations, assets, operations, and supply chains. By integrating high-resolution spatial datasets, historical observations, reanalysis products, and future climate projections, RADIOM assesses the intensity, frequency, duration, and spatial distribution of climate-related hazards, including extreme heat, droughts, landslides, flooding, wildfires, and tropical cyclones. The use of spatially detailed datasets enables climate conditions to be evaluated at a much finer geographic scale than broad regional or country-level assessments, capturing important variations between locations that can otherwise be obscured by coarse-resolution data.

RADIOM harmonizes datasets across different spatial and temporal scales while preserving as much of the underlying geographic variability as possible. This allows each hazard to be translated into location-specific indicators and consistently evaluated across individual sites and larger portfolios.

Temporal and scenario-based analysis further captures how the intensity and frequency of climate extremes may evolve over different time horizons and under alternative climate pathways. The result is a detailed, spatially granular representation of present and future climate extremes, providing organisations with a clearer understanding of the specific environmental conditions surrounding their assets and activities.

17 INDICATORS, VARIABLES ON CLIMATE THEMES

8

2 01. CHRONIC CLIMATE EXTREME

Persistent or repeatedly occurring climate conditions that deviate significantly from historical norms, such as prolonged periods of extreme heat, drought, or precipitation, which can gradually affect ecosystems, infrastructure, and human activities over extended periods.

02. ACUTE CLIMATE EXTREME

Short-duration, high-intensity climate events that occur suddenly or over relatively brief periods, such as extreme rainfall, tropical cyclones, wildfires, heatwaves, or flash floods, with the potential to cause immediate and geographically concentrated impacts.

1 < TURN TREE LOSS INTO ACTIONABLE INSIGHT. >

Tree loss is more than a change in land cover. It can signal growing exposure to environmental, regulatory, and supply-chain risks. RADIOM uses geospatial intelligence to identify and quantify tree loss around assets, operations, and areas of interest, revealing where loss is occurring and how significant the exposure may be.

By combining spatial analysis with historical tree loss data, RADIOM helps organizations understand patterns of change, identify locations facing increasing pressure, and pinpoint areas that may require closer attention. This provides a clear, location-specific view of tree loss risk, supporting more informed decisions across environmental due diligence, risk screening, and sustainability strategies.

RADIOM supports compliance with the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) by providing precise geospatial data and analysis to help businesses assess the deforestation risk associated with their supply chains.

12 INDICATORS, VARIABLES ON LAND USE THEME

2 01. TREE LOSS

Tree loss is the measurable removal or disappearance of tree cover over time, resulting from human activities such as deforestation and logging or natural disturbances such as wildfire, storms, and disease, and is detected through changes in the spatial extent of woody vegetation to quantify where, when, and how much tree cover has been lost.

< MAPPING POLLUTION, MEASURING EXPOSURE. >

Pollution is a critical dimension of environmental risk, affecting ecosystems, human health, infrastructure, and the long-term resilience of places and assets. At RADIOM, we use geospatial intelligence to identify and quantify exposure to pollution by combining spatial datasets, environmental observations, and location-specific indicators. Our analysis can capture different forms of pollution, including air pollution, atmospheric pollutants, and other pressures that can accumulate around assets and across surrounding areas, providing a spatial understanding of where environmental conditions may create elevated risk.

Rather than treating pollution as a uniform condition, RADIOM evaluates how pollutant concentrations and environmental pressures vary across space, allowing exposure to be assessed at the level of individual assets, sites, and areas of interest. By translating complex environmental datasets into clear spatial indicators and risk categories, we help organisations understand not only whether an asset is exposed to pollution, but also the intensity, geographic extent, and relative significance of that exposure. This intelligence can support environmental due diligence, site screening, portfolio assessment, risk prioritization, and strategic decision-making, while providing a consistent framework for comparing locations across geographies.

5 INDICATORS, VARIABLES ON THEMES

2 01. AIR QUALITY

Air quality describes the condition of the atmosphere and the level of pollutants present in the air, including fine particulate matter such as PM2.5 and gases such as NOx. These pollutants can vary significantly across locations and over time, with higher concentrations indicating greater levels of atmospheric pollution and potential impacts on human health, ecosystems, and the environment.

02. WATER QUALITY

Water quality describes the condition of freshwater and aquatic environments and the pressures that can affect their ecological health. Eutrophication potential measures the risk of excessive nutrient enrichment, particularly from nitrogen and phosphorus, which can stimulate algal growth, reduce oxygen levels, and disrupt aquatic ecosystems.